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Ukraine is one of the largest countries in Europe in terms of area and population. It has a population of 48 million and is situated in the South-Eastern part of Europe to the north of the Black Sea. Ukraine's capital and largest city is Kyiv with the population heading towards 4 million. Ukrainian is a distinct language belonging to the Slavonic family of languages and uses its own version of the Cyrillic alphabet. Practically every person in Ukraine is bilingual, speaking also Russian. Ukraine gained its independence after the disintegration of the USSR in 1991 and now is the member of the Commonwealth of the Independent States (CIS). On July 16, 1990 the Supreme Rada of Ukraine adopted an important historic document - the Act proclaiming Ukrainian state sovereignty, indivisibility of power within the boundaries of Ukrainian territory, and independence and equality in conducting foreign relations. On August 24, 1991 the Supreme Rada (parliament), in effecting this Declaration and proceeding from the right to self-determination, proclaimed the Act of independence of Ukraine. Its territory was proclaimed indivisible and inviolable and the Constitution and laws of Ukraine have exclusive validity. On December 1, 1991 by all-Ukrainian referendum more than 90% of the population confirmed the proclamation of independence of Ukraine. Leonid Kravchuk, the former head of the Supreme Rada of Ukraine was elected the first President of Ukraine. The acting President of the country now is Leonid Kuchma, now serving his second term as the highest state official.
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